The Peptide Reference
The Peptide Reference
References
Reference/Cyclic dipeptide (2,5-diketopiperazine)

Cyclic Glycine-Proline

IGF-1 Bioavailability Regulator & Neuroprotective Peptide

Animal in vivo
research use only

Endogenous cyclic dipeptide found in plasma, breast milk, and cerebrospinal fluid. Functions as metabolite of IGF-1, regulating its bioavailability through competitive binding to IGFBP-3. Demonstrates neuroprotective, cognitive-enhancing, and cardioprotective properties supported by clinical trials.

Neuroprotection and cognitive enhancementIGF-1 optimizationCardiovascular supportMetabolic health improvement
01

Overview

Endogenous cyclic dipeptide found in plasma, breast milk, and cerebrospinal fluid. Functions as metabolite of IGF-1, regulating its bioavailability through competitive binding to IGFBP-3. Demonstrates neuroprotective, cognitive-enhancing, and cardioprotective properties supported by clinical trials.

Competes with IGF-1 for IGFBP-3 binding, normalizing bioavailable IGF-1 levels. Acts as positive allosteric modulator of AMPA and GABA-A receptors. Increases BDNF levels via Akt/MDM2-p53 pathway activation.

Evidence profilederived from 4 references
C
Animal in vivo
Strongest design among the references on this page. Grade and effect size are separate facts and are never merged into one score.
02

Research indications

What the compound has been studied for, grouped by body system. Effect size is the reported magnitude where it was measured — not a recommendation.

Neurological4
Cognitive Enhancement

Higher cGP levels correlate with improved memory retention in elderly populations

Moderate
Neuroprotection

Protects neural stem cells from oxidative stress; efficacy demonstrated in stroke models

Moderate
Alzheimer's Disease

Mouse studies show reduced amyloid plaque load and improved spatial memory

Small
Parkinson's Disease

Clinical study showed increased CSF cGP and reduced anxiety/depression scores

Small
Metabolic2
Type-2 Diabetes

Clinical trial improved vascular complications and normalized HbA1c%

Small
Blood Pressure Regulation

Demonstrated systolic blood pressure reduction in clinical observations

Small
Recovery2
Stroke Recovery

Higher cGP/IGF-1 ratios associated with favorable clinical outcomes

Moderate
Healthy Aging

Maintained ratios correlate with preserved cognitive function with age

Moderate
i

A large effect in a weak study and a small effect in a strong one are different things. Effect size is never evidence of use in people.

Quick factsreference only
Class
Cyclic dipeptide (2,5-diketopiperazine)
Chain length
2 residues
Molecular weight
154.17 Da
Typical dose
20-100 μg daily (or 300mg blackcurrant extract 2x daily)
Frequency
Once daily, preferably in the morning
Cycle length
4-12 weeks
Storage
Room temperature in sealed container, protected from moisture and light
03

Molecular data

Type
Cyclic dipeptide (2,5-diketopiperazine)
Molecular weight
154.17 Da
Chain length
2 residues
04

Dosing reference

Doses reported in the literature and by suppliers. These are a record of what has been used in research — reference, never instruction.

ContextRouteAmountFrequency
General cognitive supportOral capsule20-40 μg1x daily
Neuroprotection/anti-agingOral capsule40-50 μg1x daily
Metabolic/cardiovascular supportOral capsule40-100 μg1x daily
Via blackcurrant extractOral capsule300 mg BCA2x daily
05

Interactions

IGF-1

cGP is metabolite of IGF-1; regulates bioavailability through competitive IGFBP-3 binding

synergistic
BPC-157

Different pathways; BPC-157 promotes tissue repair, cGP modulates IGF-1

compatible
Semax

Both offer neuroprotection and nootropic effects through distinct pathways

compatible
Selank

Complementary cognitive effects; Selank addresses anxiety, cGP optimizes IGF-1

compatible
GH Secretagogues

Both affect growth hormone/IGF-1 axis; monitor combined effects on levels

monitor
06

Quality checklist

  • Third-party tested for purity and potency
  • Clear cGP content labeling (typically in micrograms per serving)
  • Natural blackcurrant-derived sources from New Zealand
  • Sealed containers protected from moisture and light
  • !Products lacking clear cGP content specification
  • ×Extreme therapeutic claims unsupported by research
  • ×Vague concentration descriptions
07

What to expect

Week 1-2Possible subtle improvements in mental clarity
Week 2-4Enhanced cognitive function and focus may become noticeable
Week 4-8Neuroprotective and metabolic benefits accumulating
Week 8-12Optimal IGF-1 regulation and sustained cognitive support
08

Safety

Stop and seek advice3
  • Allergic reactions (rash, difficulty breathing, swelling)
  • Unexpected blood glucose changes
  • Unusual fatigue or weakness
Contraindications3
  • Consult healthcare provider if taking IGF-1 or growth hormone medications
  • Limited long-term human data available
  • Not studied in pregnancy
09

FAQ

Can cyclic glycine-proline improve cognitive function in healthy people, not just disease states?

Yes, research shows higher cGP levels correlate with improved memory retention in healthy elderly populations. Clinical trials demonstrated enhanced cognitive function in normal aging, suggesting benefits for preserving mental sharpness beyond treating disease—relevant for anti-aging protocols.

What's the advantage of blackcurrant extract over pure cGP supplements?

Blackcurrant extract provides cGP at approximately 300mg per serving in a natural, whole-food matrix that may improve bioavailability and provide additional antioxidants. Pure cGP comes in microgram quantities (20-100mcg), so extract forms offer higher doses though containing other compounds alongside cGP.

Does cGP actually help with Parkinson's disease or just animal models?

One human clinical study showed blackcurrant supplementation (which raises CSF cGP by 74%) reduced anxiety and depression scores in Parkinson's patients. While animal models show more dramatic neuroprotection, the human evidence supports cognitive and mood benefits, though larger trials are needed.

Can cyclic glycine-proline be used long-term without breaks?

Most protocols recommend 4-12 week cycles, though human safety data for long-term continuous use is limited. As cGP is an endogenous metabolite naturally found in cerebrospinal fluid and breast milk, extended use appears relatively safe, but cycling allows assessment of individual response and prevents potential tolerance.

10

References

  1. 1
    IGF-1 Homeostasis Regulation Study
    Scientific Reports · 2014

    cGP regulates IGF-1 bioavailability through IGFBP-3 competitive binding

  2. 2
    Parkinson's Disease Clinical Study
    PMC · 2018

    Blackcurrant supplementation increased CSF cGP 74%; reduced anxiety/depression

  3. 3
    Alzheimer's Mouse Model Study
    PMC · 2023

    Significantly improved spatial memory; reduced hippocampal plaques 42.3→14.5 per mm²

  4. 4
    Stroke Recovery & Cognitive Function Review
    PMC · 2023

    Higher cGP/IGF-1 ratios associated with favorable stroke outcomes

For research use only. Nothing on this page is medical advice, and no number here is a recommendation to dose.